Devil's Advocate was first used back in the 16th century during the process of cannonization. When someone was offered or suggested for sainthood, the Church would hold a trial and would appoint a "God's Advocate" who would argue in favor of sainthood, and a "Devil's Advocate" who would argue against sainthood. This adversarial proceeding was done to insure that the good and bad were both given due treatment, and that nothing was overlooked, when deciding whether or not sainthood was warranted.
Today, the phrase has a more general connotation to be one who take the other side, just for arguement's sake.
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