Usefull Networking commands for Unix 12

[ponetguy2]

How to add a NIC card on Sun:

ifconfig hmeX plumb
ifconfig hmeX inet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
ifconfig hmeX up

How to change a hostname on Sun:

Make sure to use notepad or vi to edit files in order to avoid hidden characters.

There are four files that must be modified in order to rename the hostname:

1) /etc/hosts
2) /etc/net/ticlts/hosts
3) /etc/net/ticolts/hosts
4) /etc/nodename
5) /etc/hostname.hmex
6) /etc/net/ticotsord/hosts

Another way to change the hostname is by using sys-unconfig command. This restores the system to an unconfigured
state and should only be used when you are not concerned about preserving the current setup of the system. I suggest
looking at the man pages for further information (man sys-unconfig) or edit the following files above.

Note: rename the directory under /var/crash to match your new hostname.

Sun Solaris Servers Network Configuration Guide (SPARC Platform Only)


To bind an IP address to a Network Interface Card
#ifconfig -a
--- to check the configuration
#ifconfig qfe0 plumb
--- to enable the first Network Interface Card
#ifconfig qfe0 <ip address> netmask <subnet> up
--- to bind IP address, subnet, and enable the configuration

Create a file on /etc directory - hostname.qfe0 with hostname entry
Add entry on /etc/netmasks if IP address is on different subnet
Add entry on /etc/inet/hosts file with IP address and hostname

Example:
#ifconfig -a
hme0: flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 202.40.231.2 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 202.40.231.255
ether 8:0:20:9f:51:fe

#ifconfig qfe0 plumb
#ifconfig qfe0 202.40.231.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
#ifconfig -a

hme0: flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 202.40.231.2 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 202.40.231.255
ether 8:0:20:9f:51:fe
qfe0: flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 202.40.231.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 202.40.231.255

To change IP Address
#ifconfig qfe0 down
--- to disable the first Network Interface Card

To remove Network Interface Card
#ifconfig qfe0 unplumb
--- to remove the first Network Interface Card

To bind a virtual IP address to Network Interface Card
#ifconfig qfe0:1 plumb
--- in some cases this is not needed if qfe0 has been plumb
#ifconfig qfe0:1 202.40.231.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

Create a file on /etc directory - hostname.qfe0:1 with hostname entry
Add entry on /etc/netmasks if IP address is on different subnet
Add entry on /etc/inet/hosts file with IP address and hostname

NOTE:
-If adding a quad

Network Interface Card, the naming convention will be qfe0, qfe1, qfe2, qfe3.
-If adding a single port Network Interface Card, the naming convention will be hme1, hme2, hme3.
-The onboard Network Interface Card is hme0
-If adding a virtual IP address, the naming convention will be hme0:1, hme0:2, up to hme0:3 only for hme0,
or qfe0:1, qfe0:2, up to qfe0:3 only for qfe0, depending on the number of hme and qfe port used.


To hardcode the speed of the Network Interface Card
Example:
You want to hardcode 100Full Duplex for hme0
#ndd -set /dev/hme instance 0
#ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
#ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100hdx_cap 0
#ndd -set /dev/hme adv_10fdx_cap 0
#ndd -set /dev/hme adv_10hdx_cap 0
#ndd -set /dev/hme adv_autoneg_cap 0

Create an input on the file /etc/system so that when your system rebooted it will run the NIC in 100Full Duplex
automatically.
set hme:hme_adv_100fdx_cap=1
set hme:hme_adv_100hdx_cap=0
set hme:hme_adv_10fdx_cap=0
set hme:hme_adv_10hdx_cap=0
set hme:hme_adv_autoneg_cap=0

To check the status
#ndd /dev/hme \?
--- displays all command options for ndd
#ndd /dev/hme link_status
--- displays the hme0 link status

The above configurations should be followed in order.

1 = Capable/Enable
0 = Disable
hme1 = instance 1
hme2 = instance 2
hme3 = instance 3

The system on the other end of network cable should be hardcode to 100Full Duplex also. If the other end is a
switch, check your vendor manuals on how to do it.

To monitor packets traveling in your NIC ports
Example:
You want to monitor your hme0 port of packets coming from IP address 202.40.224.14
#snoop -d hme0 | grep 202.40.224.14

You want to monitor your qfe1 port of packets coming from host server1
#snoop -d qfe1 | grep server1

You want to monitor your hme1 ports of all packets
#snoop -d hme1

To add or remove a static route
Example:
You want to add a static route to network 192.168.16.0 to your default gateway of 10.236.74.1
#route add -net 192.168.16.0 10.236.74.1

then create a script, so that when the system rebooted the route will automatically added
#cd /etc/rc2.d
#vi S168staticroute

Add the following line
route add -net 192.168.16.0 10.236.74.1

You want to add a static route to host 192.168.64.4 to your default gateway of 10.236.74.1
#route add 192.168.64.4 10.236.74.1

then create a script, so that when the system rebooted the route will automatically added
#cd /etc/rc2.d
#vi S168staticroute

Add the following line
route add 192.168.64.4 10.236.74.1

You want to delete the static route to network 192.168.16.0 to your default gateway of 10.236.74.1
#route delete -net 192.168.16.0 10.236.74.1

You want to delete the static route to host 192.168.64.4 to your default gateway of 10.236.74.1
#route delete 192.168.64.4 10.236.74.1

I just want to contribute a little bit.

enjoy,
ponetguy2
carlo reyes
sun solaris/linux admin for two years

 

[Butterfly123]

Good one!

- Hemant
NSIG,
Satyam Computer Services Ltd

 

[ponetguy2]

I originally found this document in

http://www.angelfire.com/scifi/danilody/

and I added my own few notes.

Thanx
ponetguy2

 

[bi]

ponetguy2

Why don't you put this in an FAQ? There is some great stuff in here. As long as you credit your source (or ask your source's permission), I would think there wouldn't be any problem.

 

[mmirchandani]

Good stuff.
Thanx - MM

 

[CharlieU]

First of all.....THANKS!!!!!


This info was indeed helpful. This is one for the FAQ's if you ask me. Again, much thanks, you saved me a considerable amount of time.


v/r,

Charlie U.

 

[telcomwork]

This info is great!

Can someon tell me how to change Gateway and Subnet Mask as well?

I need ot change the IP address in which I can use the infomation provided, but we are also changing the gateway as well as subnet.

Thanks!

 

[telcomwork]

Is netmask the equivalent as subnet mask? What would be the equivalent for the gateway?

Sorry for the stupid newbie questions!

Thanks!

 

[daFranze]

>> netmask the equivalent as subnet mask?
yes

>> equivalent for the gateway?
you have to edit the routingtable, which is generated/derived from the Interfacerouting and the gateway defined in /etc/defaultrouter; You can change the IP of the interfaces and defaultrouter and reboot the system or edit the interfaces by hand using eg:
ifconfig hme0 10.43.22.4 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.43.22.255
and edit routingtable (man route; best practise: use serial interface for editing interface and routing, since you can lock you out if something's wrong with this)
route del ...
route add ...

Best Regards, Franz
--
Solaris System Manager from Munich, Germany
I used to work for Sun Microsystems Support (EMEA) for 5 years

 

[telcomwork]

Thanks daFranze!

 

[telcomwork]

On my interface I have netmask ff000000 instead of an IP

Does this seem right?

 

[daFranze]

can I see the output of ifconfig -a (as root?)

Best Regards, Franz
--
Solaris System Manager from Munich, Germany
I used to work for Sun Microsystems Support (EMEA) for 5 years

 

[ponetguy2]

I've updated my webpage w/ a better list of networking commands for Sun Solaris and Windows.

http://www.kissageek.com

Carlo Reyes

Technology/Systems - Delivery
Networks and Infrastructure

Chicago Customer Technical Support

 

[coffeysm]

telcomwork (TechnicalUser) 25 Feb 05 9:03
On my interface I have netmask ff000000 instead of an IP

Does this seem right?

Ifconfig will usually display the netmask in HEX, if you convert that to decimal it should read 255.0.0.0 I believe.

FF|00|00|00
255|0|0|0

 

[ponetguy2]

this is okay coffeysm. here is an output from one of my servers:

gateadm@beast> cd /usr/sbin
gateadm@beast> ifconfig -a
lo0: flags=1000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
eri0: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 2
inet 10.66.2.214 netmask ff000000 broadcast 10.255.255.255
eri1: flags=1000843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4> mtu 1500 index 3
inet 90.81.213.1 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 90.81.213.255


If you want to see your netmask, go to /etc/inet and do a more or cat netmask.


Carlo Reyes

Technology/Systems - Delivery
Networks and Infrastructure

Chicago Customer Technical Support