It is the browsers that process the cache directives. And, of course, every browser does it differently. You can look into the 'pragma no-cache' and other meta tags in the page, but be aware, that browsers act differently.
For example, even though you might put the most restrictive cache headers and page expiration into the HTML, even a 'must revalidate', browsers such as Opera will not reload the page when the back button is used. Their developers have the standpoint that the RFC requires a reload only when the page is accessed through a link.
Do a quick google for meta tags for cache control.