Is it an Avaya SBC? CLI in, sudo su or sudo traceSBC and it's a terminal SIP capture. It'll show messages from SM to SBC and from SBC to carrier.
In a SIP message, you can have SDP - it defines how the endpoint will do media. So, in the SDP of a SIP message, your phone or server or carrier will have something saying "i do G711 and or 729 and i send packets that are 20 ms of audio".
SIP/SDP also has means to switch to one-way audio. If I put you on hold, I'd send a re-invite with the same SDP as my original invite but my SDP would include something saying "send-only" to mean "hey, shut up! I'm not listening to you! I'm sending you hold music".
SDP renegotiation happens all the time on calls. Whether you hold/unhold, whether you shuffle an IP phone off a gateway DSP, etc. It can be common enough for 1 way audio problems to be caused by SIP signaling and not network issues of using the wrong UDP ports for RTP.
So, if you fired up a traceSBC and looked at every message involved in setting up a call and never saw a "send-only" anywhere, you'd be certain that the signaling of that call intended a two-way conversation.