Sounds like something I may have dealt with before.
Are the users who are receiving this over and over outlook express users on a slow connection trying to download a large attachment? Not sure if Outlook is affected the same way, but if using it in an internet email config, it may be the same.
If so, the issue may be that outlook express is timing out while downloading the attachment and looses connection to the server. Outlook Express will not clear the email it has downloaded from the server until all email on the server has been downloaded. Only then does it clean the server off. That is, unless "leave a copy on the server" is checked in the client options on the advanced tab. When Outlook connects to the server next time, it will get to that same message and do the same thing. It will get stuck in this loop until the large email is deleted.
If there are emails in front of the large one, they too will continue to download over and over. Also, if there is more than one large attachment, the fix will have to be done for each. If this is the fix for you that is.
One thing the user can try for Outlook Express, and Outlook in Internet email config is to go to tools, options, advanced tab, and move the time out from 1 minute to 5. That will give it 4 more minutes to get that attachment down. That may be the easy solution, but depends on the speed of connection, and the size of the attachment.
If that still does not work, if you have WebMail through Outlook Web Access, they can log into that and delete the large email. Even though Outlook is timing out on them, the last message (the large one) is fully downloaded to the client and should be ok to delete from the server. However, you may want to have the client confirm that first.
Hope this solves the issue for you.