Yes its possible because you changing from a collision domain to a full duplex link . It may set off spanning tree . I have seen many times when you change the speed or duplex the link does drop and come back.
No---after hours. You will get late collisions in the case of a duplex mismatch. Why are you wanting to change from full to half? Are you seeing late collisions or a duplex mismatch now?
I've done it numerous times in the middle of the day, and have never seen it cause spanning-tree to do anything. It does drop while the NIC re-negotiates with the switch as necessary, but have not had a client report any issues while it's happening.
If you have portfast on the switchport you're changing the speed/duplex, spanning tree won't be affected when the port resets. However, if this is one of the ports that is switch to switch (usually trunked) and participating in STP, then you will trigger a spanning-tree change. RSTP (802.1w) is the way to go if all your switches support it.
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