There are slight differences between the chips. The original Athlon was based on the "thunderbird" core and the Athlon XP/MP are based on the "palamino" core.
The Palamino core adds a few features like data-prefetching, larger table lookup buffers, etc. As a rough guide (very rough...) an XP/MP is 10% faster than the equivalent Athlon.
Athlon MP's are guaranteed to work in a multi-processor configuration and XP's aren't (although most XP's tend to anyway, just to confuse the situation).
Athlon XP's/MP's have a speed rating that is supposed to compare to an equivalently clocked, same-generation processor - so in theory an Athlon XP 1700+ should be as fast as a 1.7 GHz Pentium 4. But your mileage may vary...
I'd use one of the motherboards based on the new Via KT266A chipsets, such as the Asus A7V266E or Epox 8KHA - good boards, take DDR and very fast.
If money really isn't an issue then get a Tyan Tiger motherboard which will take 2 Athlon MP's and a few gig of DDR. Whether you'd get any benefit from a dual workstation all depends on what you want to do though.
Hope that's been some help !
