paradiso
Mike is right. Indexes are maintained by the system. Access seems to do a pretty good job of this.
You can run the database compact and repair utility(ies if Access 97) which verifies the integrity of the database, including the indexes, and will remove space made by deleted records. A very good prctice to follow on a perhaps weekly schedule.
A general rule is to heavily index static search files / fields. Use a bare minimum indexing on transaction files -- especially high transaction files. Adding and deleting records for a heavily indexed table can slow things down a lot, and I suspect may increase the chance of corruption of an index.
Great question!
Richard