Your quwtion is a little vague as you refer to "color pallette". Indisign, like Illustrator doesn't use "pallettes"per se. Rather you have the Swatches window and make a new swatch as necessary.
I'm guessing that you're referring to the color boxes at the bottom of the Tools pallette. Open a new blank doc and see if the fill & stroke boxes are shown as black. If so, change them to no color. If you select Show options on your swatches pallette, you can do that there.
From then on anyhting you draw will just be blank in fill and stroke. If you draw a text box, the text will be black, but new other objects will be blank.
To maintain the setting so all new objects are blank - nor fill or stroke - selct blank for your fills and strokes and quit ID. When you relaunch, your fill and stroke boxes should be blank. New text will be black, but any other new object will be black unless you choose a color.
