There are many codes that may be applicable. Depending on where you are, it could be the Uniform Building Code or the BOCA code or some other code to start with. If you throw in the National Fire Code and the Fire Life Safety Code, which may be enforcable by the AHJ, it can get very complex (the NEC is part of the National Fire Code). I remember when working in the fire service having VOLUMES of code in 3 ring binders on the shelf, updated constantly, and a real nightmare to wade through. Having two large industrial plants in my jurisdiction was a challange, and I routinely called in the state fire marshal to do inspections with me and interpret the code (not to mention share the liability and enforcement challenges).
According to the code, buildings are classified by their use. There are different rules for each occupancy, obviously a rental storage facility will have different requirements than a nursing home. Once the type of occupancy is determined, various other portions of the code come into play. Buildings are basically divided into compartments or areas small enough to be controllable for fire suppression. The overall goal is to stop the spread of fire to another compartment so that it can be extinguished. Bear in mind we are completely leaving out the ingress/egress and occupant safety issues because those require different protection aspects. Things like escape corridors, stair wells, areas of rescue assistance, exit lighting become very sensitive to the inspector. These life safety areas will be compartmentized from the main portion of the building if the building is large enough.
So, as your wiring leaves these compartments into neighboring compartments, fire stopping will likely be required. However, many of the walls WITHIN the compartment do not require firestopping where they are penetrated. If you see fire doors for example, ones that automatically close in case of fire, they will be rated for a particular protection level (1 hour, 2 hour, etc.) and when you penetrate the wall around that door you need to meet the same rating.
It's rather complex, and if your intent is to meet code you may need the AHJ to come in and tell you what he wants to see. Keep in mind that every AHJ understands the 'intent' of the code differently, and as such can allow you some liberties if he feels you are meeting the intent.
Ah that should cloud the issue completely. When it doubt, firestop. Almost all inspectors are more than happy to have you pose the question and let them tell you how much they know about it. And, since they have the final say, it's a good place to ask.
Good Luck!
It is only my opinion, based on my experience and education...I am always willing to learn, educate me!
Daron J. Wilson, RCDD
daron.wilson@lhmorris.com
