gawk and nawk support the v option to import shell variables.
ex: gawk -v var=$myvar ' {printf "%s\n", var}'
However this only works with scalars,not arrays.
You would have to use something like:
function processArray() {
myarray[1]=1
myarray[2]=1
myarray[3]=1
for x in "${[myarray[@]}"
do
awk -v var=${myarray[$x]} ' {printf "%s\n",var}' filename
done
}
Good Luck