No matter how much input, the output of an md5 hash is a fixed-length (32 character) string, being the hexadecimal representation of the 16-byte binary data that is the real hash-function output. It's a reentrant piece of code that takes the input data in chunks of 64 bytes, if memory serves, and repeatedly modifies its output data based on the new input chunk. It will operate very slightly differently on the last piece of data it receives, as it adds a few bytes of data to the input stream when finishing. So, yes you can take an md5 of anything from an empty string to the entire content of your hard drive, and obtain just one 32-character string in return.
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