Apart from redrawing it, no, no such thing exists. That's why cartoonists still exist.
Such a proceedure requires the artist/cartoonist to reinterpret the forms and lines of an image in such a way that a computer cannot do without assistance.
The best you could do in photoshop is to play with the filters to get a "flat" cartoonish style, but I dare say this would look more like just a stylised image, rather than a cartoon.
Try using a program call "PhotoGoo" (i think). This program allows you to stretch and distort the features of a persons face - much like a cartoonist would do with their pen.
However, once you have created the desired level of distortion, you would still need to make the image look "drawn" - this is where your filters (used judisciously) would be of use.
Hope this helps!