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Errored Seconds are used to measure the performance of DS1 Links, digital trunks and digital circuit packs. A high number of errored seconds indicates that performance is poor. This could lead to dropped calls, noise and other transmission problems.
Digital signals are sent in FRAMES, or tiny pieces of signal. These frames must be received accurately and in the correct order. Errors occur when frames arrive with distorted data, or when the beginning and end of the frame cannot be identified.
* Misframe: An error detected as when the frame cannot be accurately identified.
* Slip: An error detected as the deletion or repetition of a single frame.
* Extended Superframe Format (ESF) CRC-6 Error: A cluster of frames, called a Superframe, has a problem.
Digital line performance is measured by the following error event counts:
* Errored Second: Any second that contains one or more error events.
* Bursty-Errored Second: Any second that contains from 2 to 319 error events.
* Severely-Errored Second: Any second that contains 320 or more error events.
* Failed Second: A state that exists when ten or more consecutive severely-errored seconds are detected.
* Controlled Slip Second: Any second with one or more controlled slips (a replication or deletion of a frame by the receiver).
* Loss of Frame Count: The number of times a loss of frame is declared. A loss of frame is declared when there is a continuous loss of signal or out of frame condition for greater than 2.5 seconds.
Events such as a Failed Second or Severely-Errored Second typically result in a serious impact on the customers' applications. If the misframe or slip errors become too severe, an alarm is raised.
