LD.EXE (GNU Linker) Syntax Problem

[NWR]

Hello:

Listed below is the output from a very simple BATCH file to compile, library
and link 2 Fortran files (these files do nothing but exist). I have never used
GNU "programs" before (just IBM, DEC and Microsoft). I now have the
"opportunity" to use these programs (yes I need to use G77). Is it possible for
someone to explain why LD.EXE can not link. Thanks.

ie: I have tried multiple file extensions (.f, .for, .obj, .o, .a, .out, .exe) and
nothing seems to matter.

Screen Output:

TEST.BAT INFO: (Windows 7 Pro SP1)

Microsoft Windows [Version 6.1.7601]
CD...............:C:\ABC
PROGRAM_NAME.....:ABC
SUBROUTINE.......EF
COMP_IMAGE.......:C:\ABC\BIN\G77.EXE
LIB_IMAGE........:C:\ABC\BIN\AR.EXE
LINK_IMAGE.......:C:\ABC\BIN\LD.EXE
FORTRAN_EXT......:FOR
OBJECT_EXT.......:OBJ
LIBRARY_EXT......:LIB
LIBRARY_PATH.....:C:\ABC
LINK_EXT.........:EXE
*** GNU VERSION INFO ***
g77 version 2.95 19990728 (release) (from FSF-g77 version 0.5.25 19990728
(release))
Driving: C:\ABC\BIN\G77.EXE -v -c -xf77-version /dev/null -xnone
G77.EXE: /dev/null: No such file or directory
Using builtin specs.
gcc version 2.95 19990728 (release)
GNU ar 2.9.4
Copyright 1997, 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License. This program has absolutely no warranty.
GNU ld version 2.9.4 (with BFD 2.9.4)
Supported emulations:
i386pe
. Press ENTER to Continue:
*** DIR OF FORTRAN FILES ***
ABC.FOR
DEF.FOR
. Press ENTER to COMPILE:
*** COMPILE ***

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\G77.EXE -c -o ABC.OBJ ABC.FOR

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\G77.EXE -c -o DEF.OBJ DEF.FOR
DIR OF OBJECT FILES
ABC.OBJ
DEF.OBJ
. Press ENTER to LIBRARY:
*** LIBRARY ***

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\AR.EXE r ABC.LIB DEF.OBJ
DIR OF LIBRARY FILES
ABC.LIB
LIBRARY LISTING

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\AR.EXE t ABC.LIB
DEF.OBJ
. Press ENTER to LINK:
*** LINK ***

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\LD.EXE -o ABC.EXE -l ABC.LIB ABC.OBJ
C:\ABC\BIN\LD.EXE: cannot open -lABC.LIB: No such file or directory

C:\ABC>C:\ABC\BIN\LD.EXE -o ABC.EXE -L C:\ABC -l ABC.LIB ABC.OBJ
C:\ABC\BIN\LD.EXE: cannot open -lABC.LIB: No such file or directory
. Press ENTER to EXIT:

C:\ABC>

 

[xwb]

This is just a guess - I'm not sure of the behaviour of linux tools on windows. When a -l parameter is given to ld, it expects the item named to have a lib prefix and a .a or .so suffix, so

ld -o abc.exe -labc.lib

will expect a libabc.lib.a to exist. ar, however does not add a lib prefix or the .a suffix so you need to do that.

ar r libabc.a def.obj
ld -o abc.exe -labc

 

[xwb]

I've just installed mingw gfortran. It looks like ld needs the fortran libraries so it might be better if you use g77 to do the linking. Also, ld, needs -L for the path of the library

g77.exe -c -g def.for -o def.obj
ar r libabc.a def.obj
g77.exe abc.for -L. -labc -o abc.exe

 

[Beilstwh]

Personally I would have installed the development packages for cygwin from

http://www.cygwin.org/

It is all the unix commands ported over to windows and for the FORTRAN I would use gfortran which works great. When you install the development packages it installs all the dependencies so it just works.

Bill
Lead Application Developer
New York State, USA

 

[xwb]

You can compile fortran 77 using gfortran - you don't have to use g77. Just give the files either a .f or .for extension.