I discovered this after an upgrade to the IPO and IP Phone firmware. However, for future reference the IPO and IP Phone were both on the same side of the PIX/ASA. I was having the same problem and couldn't seem to get answers from anyone.
So, to solve the problem I did the usual pinging and scanning. I also WireSharked and reviewed the ARP tables of the IP Phones using SNMP. You ready...
Notsetinstone is correct, you have to turn off FIXUPS (I believe that the ASA refers to this differently now, not FIXUPs any more, inspect maps?). You also should turn off PROXY ARP in the PIX/ASA. You don't want the ASA giving out it's MAC on behalf of devices on the more secured side.
Hope this helps.
Drew