How to perform unix command within perl script?

[eileen1017]

The purpose of my script is to go through a directory of all the files. Look at the creation date for those files. Say for example, if a file is created in 2008, I will create a 2008 folder under the directory and move the file into the new 2008 folder and loop through the whole directory with all the files. But one thing I am not so sure is how to read the date for the files? And how can I perform the unix mkdir and mv command inside the perl script?

The directory files listed as follows:
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 248608 Oct 2 2007 relnote_stnd_18.fle
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 350187 Oct 15 2007 relnote_stnd_19.fle
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 296794 Oct 15 2007 relnote_stnd_20.fle
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 154456 Oct 23 2007 relnote_stnd_21.fle
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle dba 140559 Oct 23 2007 relnote_stnd_22.fle


#!/usr/bin/perl

opendir (DIR, "/dsk01/oradata/rtest/udump");
foreach my $file (readdir(DIR)) {
next if $file =~ /^\./; #skip ., .., etc
(Need to know who to read the date and perform unix command.)

}
closedir (DIR);

Please Advice. Thank you very much.

 

[mikrom]

You can use system() command.
See for example:

http://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1563006

http://www.tek-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=1551952

 

[feherke]

Hi

But one thing I am not so sure is how to read the date for the files?

[tt]stat[/tt] to get the Unix time, then [tt]localtime[/tt] to get the year.

And how can I perform the unix mkdir and mv command inside the perl script?

[tt]mkdir[/tt].

Personally I find it ugly to call external commands from Perl.

[gray]#!/usr/bin/perl[/gray]

[b]use[/b] File[teal]::[/teal]Copy[teal];[/teal]

[b]opendir[/b] DIR[teal],[/teal] [green][i]"/dsk01/oradata/rtest/udump"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
[b]foreach[/b] [b]my[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]([/teal][b]readdir[/b] DIR[teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
  [b]next[/b] [b]if[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]=~[/teal] [green][i]/^\./[/i][/green][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip ., .., etc[/gray]
  [b]next[/b] [b]unless[/b] [teal]-[/teal]f [navy]$file[/navy][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip non-files[/gray]

  [navy]@stat[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [b]stat[/b] [navy]$file[/navy][teal];[/teal]
  [navy]@time[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] localtime [navy]$stat[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]9[/purple][teal]];[/teal]
  [navy]$year[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [navy]$time[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]5[/purple][teal]][/teal] [teal]+[/teal] [purple]1900[/purple][teal];[/teal]
  [b]unless[/b] [teal](-[/teal]d [navy]$year[/navy][teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
    [b]mkdir[/b] [navy]$year[/navy] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error creating directory '$year' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
  [teal]}[/teal]
  copy [navy]$file[/navy][teal],[/teal] [green][i]"$year/$file"[/i][/green] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error copying file '$file' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
[teal]}[/teal]
[b]closedir[/b] DIR[teal];[/teal]

Feherke.

http://feherke.github.com/

 

[eileen1017]

Hi Feherke:

Thanks for your reply. The copy command that you used in your script, does it work the same as unix mv command? The reason I am asking is that I want to move the files to a new folder. Not just copy the files to the folder and leave the original alone.
Another thing, if the date shows the current year, then I am not going to do anything. How do you filter that out?

 

[feherke]

Hi

Oops. No idea why I had the feeling you want to copy.

For elementary file moving the [tt]rename[/tt] function is usually enough, but there is a robust [tt]move[/tt] implemented in the same [tt]File::Copy[/tt] module.

[gray]#!/usr/bin/perl[/gray]

[b]use[/b] File[teal]::[/teal]Copy[teal];[/teal]

[highlight][navy]@today[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] localtime[teal];[/teal][/highlight]
[highlight][navy]$thisyear[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [navy]$today[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]5[/purple][teal]][/teal] [teal]+[/teal] [purple]1900[/purple][teal];[/teal][/highlight]

[b]opendir[/b] DIR[teal],[/teal] [green][i]"/dsk01/oradata/rtest/udump"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
[b]foreach[/b] [b]my[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]([/teal][b]readdir[/b] DIR[teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
  [b]next[/b] [b]if[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]=~[/teal] [green][i]/^\./[/i][/green][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip ., .., etc[/gray]
  [b]next[/b] [b]unless[/b] [teal]-[/teal]f [navy]$file[/navy][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip non-files[/gray]

  [navy]@stat[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [b]stat[/b] [navy]$file[/navy][teal];[/teal]
  [navy]@time[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] localtime [navy]$stat[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]9[/purple][teal]];[/teal]
  [navy]$year[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [navy]$time[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]5[/purple][teal]][/teal] [teal]+[/teal] [purple]1900[/purple][teal];[/teal]
  [highlight][b]next[/b] [b]if[/b] [navy]$year[/navy] [teal]==[/teal] [navy]$thisyear[/navy][teal];[/teal][/highlight]
  [b]unless[/b] [teal](-[/teal]d [navy]$year[/navy][teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
    [b]mkdir[/b] [navy]$year[/navy] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error creating directory '$year' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
  [teal]}[/teal]
  [highlight]move[/highlight] [navy]$file[/navy][teal],[/teal] [green][i]"$year/$file"[/i][/green] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error [highlight]mov[/highlight]ing file '$file' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
[teal]}[/teal]
[b]closedir[/b] DIR[teal];[/teal]

Feherke.

http://feherke.github.com/

 

[eileen1017]

Hi feherke:

When I try to execute the script that you provided, I got the following message:
./move_trace_rtest.perl[10]: use: not found
./move_trace_rtest.perl[11]: @today: not found
./move_trace_rtest.perl[12]: =: not found
./move_trace_rtest.perl[13]: syntax error at line 13 : `(' unexpected

Another question regarding your script is that if there are more than one file that was created in the same year. Is your code going to create a folder every time, it found that year?

 

[feherke]

Hi

It works for me :

[blue]master #[/blue] for ((i=2010;i<=2012;i++)); do touch -d "$i-01-01" "file-$i.txt"; done

[blue]master #[/blue] ls -l
total 4
-rwxr--r-- 1 master users 506 Apr 27 19:29 eileen1017.pl*
-rw-r--r-- 1 master users   0 Jan  1  2010 file-2010.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 master users   0 Jan  1  2011 file-2011.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 master users   0 Jan  1 00:00 file-2012.txt

[blue]master #[/blue] ./eileen1017.pl 

[blue]master #[/blue] ls -l
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 master users  80 Apr 27 19:29 2010/
drwxr-xr-x 2 master users  80 Apr 27 19:29 2011/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 master users 506 Apr 27 19:29 eileen1017.pl*
-rw-r--r-- 1 master users   0 Jan  1 00:00 file-2012.txt

[blue]master[/blue] # tree 
.
|-- 2010
|   `-- file-2010.txt
|-- 2011
|   `-- file-2011.txt
|-- eileen1017.pl
`-- file-2012.txt

2 directories, 4 files

How and where are you executing that script ?

Another question regarding your script is that if there are more than one file that was created in the same year. Is your code going to create a folder every time, it found that year?

No. The [tt]unless [teal](-[/teal]d [navy]$year[/navy][teal])[/teal][/tt] condition makes sure to not call the [tt]mkdir[/tt] if the directory already exists.


Feherke.

http://feherke.github.com/

 

[eileen1017]

Ok. I fixed the message problem. I moved #!/usr/bin/perl to the first line above all my comments. The scripts executed without any message. But the directory didn't get created. Maybe it is because my script is residing at a separate directory than those files are actually are? Let me move my script to that directory and try again.

 

[feherke]

Hi

The scripts executed without any message. But the directory didn't get created. Maybe it is because my script is residing at a separate directory than those files are actually are? Let me move my script to that directory and try again.

Yes, seems to be a path problem, but more likely with the destination path. The script moves things to the same directory it was executed from.

Changing the directory is one solution, but personally I prefer to explicitly specify the full path everywhere. Supposing you want the yearly subdirectories to be under the source directory ( like /dsk01/oradata/rtest/udump/2011 ) :

[gray]#!/usr/bin/perl[/gray]

[b]use[/b] File[teal]::[/teal]Copy[teal];[/teal]

[navy]$dir[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [green][i]'/dsk01/oradata/rtest/udump'[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]

[navy]@today[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] localtime[teal];[/teal]
[navy]$thisyear[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [navy]$today[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]5[/purple][teal]][/teal] [teal]+[/teal] [purple]1900[/purple][teal];[/teal]

[b]opendir[/b] DIR[teal],[/teal] [navy]$dir[/navy][teal];[/teal]
[b]foreach[/b] [b]my[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]([/teal][b]readdir[/b] DIR[teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
  [b]next[/b] [b]if[/b] [navy]$file[/navy] [teal]=~[/teal] [green][i]/^\./[/i][/green][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip ., .., etc[/gray]
  [b]next[/b] [b]unless[/b] [teal]-[/teal]f [green][i]"$dir/$file"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal] [gray]# skip non-files[/gray]

  [navy]@stat[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [b]stat[/b] [green][i]"$dir/$file"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
  [navy]@time[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] localtime [navy]$stat[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]9[/purple][teal]];[/teal]
  [navy]$year[/navy] [teal]=[/teal] [navy]$time[/navy][teal][[/teal][purple]5[/purple][teal]][/teal] [teal]+[/teal] [purple]1900[/purple][teal];[/teal]
  [b]next[/b] [b]if[/b] [navy]$year[/navy] [teal]==[/teal] [navy]$thisyear[/navy][teal];[/teal]
  [b]unless[/b] [teal](-[/teal]d [green][i]"$dir/$year"[/i][/green][teal])[/teal] [teal]{[/teal]
    [b]mkdir[/b] [green][i]"$dir/$year"[/i][/green] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error creating directory '$year' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
  [teal]}[/teal]
  move [green][i]"$dir/$file"[/i][/green][teal],[/teal] [green][i]"$dir/$year/$file"[/i][/green] or [b]die[/b] [green][i]"Error moving file '$file' : $!"[/i][/green][teal];[/teal]
[teal]}[/teal]
[b]closedir[/b] DIR[teal];[/teal]

Feherke.

http://feherke.github.com/

 

[eileen1017]

Thank you very much Feherke. It worked like charm.