Full Duplex can both send and receive at the same time, besides doubling the traffic, it also tends to dramatically reduce collisions. You need switches to network with full duplex.
Half Duplex allows the device to send or receive but never both at once. Hubs usually only allow half duplex.
the major hiccup is if one side of the wire decides to be full and one side decides to be half, the throughput is very reduced. (different ports can be different, just not different ends of the same port) this happens with old Solaris OSs (2.4 and 2.5) I tried to remain child-like, all I acheived was childish.