cgi doesn't work under mod_perl

[MrCBofBCinTX]

I saw a method I wanted to try under mod_perl.
Was in perl cookbook:

my %States;                    # state table mapping pages to functions
my $Current_Screen;            # the current screen
croak "This CGI works only over HTTPS"
  if $ENV{'SERVER_PORT'} && !$ENV{'HTTPS'};
# Since we deal with sensitive data like credit card numbers
# Hash of pages and functions.

%States = (
    'Default'     => \&front_page,
    'Shirt'       => \&shirt,
    'Sweater'     => \&sweater,
    'Checkout'    => \&checkout,
    'Card'        => \&credit_card,
    'Order'       => \&order,
    'Cancel'      => \&front_page,
);

$Current_Screen = param(".State") || "Default";
dmy %States;                    # state table mapping pages to functions
my $Current_Screen;            # the current screen
croak "This CGI works only over HTTPS"
  if $ENV{'SERVER_PORT'} && !$ENV{'HTTPS'};
# Since we deal with sensitive data like credit card numbers
# Hash of pages and functions.

%States = (
    'Default'     => \&front_page,
    'Shirt'       => \&shirt,
    'Sweater'     => \&sweater,
    'Checkout'    => \&checkout,
    'Card'        => \&credit_card,
    'Order'       => \&order,
    'Cancel'      => \&front_page,
);

$Current_Screen = param(".State") || "Default";
die "No screen for $Current_Screen" unless $States{$Current_Screen};

# Generate the current page.

standard_header( );

while (my($screen_name, $function) = each %States) {
    $function->($screen_name eq $Current_Screen);
}
standard_footer( );
exit;ie "No screen for $Current_Screen" unless $States{$Current_Screen};

# Generate the current page.

standard_header( );

while (my($screen_name, $function) = each %States) {
    $function->($screen_name eq $Current_Screen);
}
standard_footer( );
exit;

I adapted this technique to a mod_perl package
in sub handler

but

while (my($screen_name, $function) = each %States) {
    $function->($screen_name eq $Current_Screen);
}

made ALL of the subroutines run.

I kept hash, but made change below and works fine.

sub handler
{
$r = shift;
my $dbh = dbi_con();
my $body_add = "";

($sessionID,$action) = init();

die "No screen for $action" unless $States{$action};

print_header();
print_action($top_page, $body, "", "");
#######
## Select a sub to return a body with results like from perl cookbook example?
$r->print("<p>$action</p>");
$States{$action}($dbh);## THIS WORKS JUST FINE

$r->print("<p>$action</p>");
print_action("", "", $body_add, $bottom_page);
return OK;
}

I'm a little fuzzy this week because of some meds I'm going to stop taking. I'd like to understand why the first attempt failed in package?