the other method is if your running adhoc to a wireless adapter on the server, adapter to adapter.
and your using the server as your gateway, and internet connection sharing etc, you would be on the same segment there, subnet etc.
Then I would ask which OS you are using on that laptop, and I would expect the answer to be windows 2000 pro wks, or windows XP professional. IF not, then its 95/98/ME and when you setup your server you allowed NON windows 2000 systems to access your server too, correct? if not then thats your issue using those ancient windows OS's.
If its xp home, you need to go upgrade to pro, but i doubt your using xp home and posting here about domain access.
lets hope not anyway.
so if you can answer some of those details, it would help isolate the issue with authentication to your domain.
Adhoc wireless or AP wirelesS?
network subnets/segments the same between laptop and server?
OS on the laptop?
XP pro SP2, the firewall your disabling is the one on the laptop? or a firewall on the server?
need to know that as well, since you mention a firewall, in conjunction with a laptop and another answer from someone else mentions that trend micro wont work on your server.
as to firewall choices...just go get zonealarm in my opinion, you should be fine then.