First I want to clearify the subject of male and female connectors.
In electronics the terms "male" and "female" refer to the plastic connector not the pins.
The ATX power supply has a male connector because it plugs into the connector on the motherboard, which is female.
The picture of the ATX to AT adapter shows a female connector with some of the pins missing.
This type of adapter is used to connect an ATX power supply to an AT motherboard but not the other way around.
The pins for the +3.3 volt lines are missing because AT power supplies don't have them. The conversion from +5 volts to +3.3 volts is handled by the motherboard's circuitry when the motherboard requires +3.3 volts.
Some AT motherboards have both types of connectors so you can use either an AT or ATX type power supply but ATX motherboards always require ATX power supplies.
Remember, the original AT machines had 5 volt I/O and core voltages.
Because the AT power supplies don't have 3.3 volt lines they won't work on an ATX motherboard.
So kows, in order to use the AT server case you need to replace the power supply and power button like GOAOZ, paparazi, and edfair suggested.
Hope this helps. Good luck.
John