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What are these books you mention? I should be able to figure out what applies and what doesn't.

Well from what I understand some hardware use specific areas in memory for I/O ("memory mapped I/O"), so you don't have to use the in/out instructions. My problem is understanding when to use ports and when to use memory or interrupts, and what port/memory/interrupt to use, and what function to...

Are there any books on general hardware interfacing using asm? Apparently not all hardware, esp. peripherals, use i/o ports anymore.

Ok thanks for the replies. One more question though, are there any books about port programming using assembly?

Thanks Salem. You're right, NASM was producing 16 bit COM files. I decided to can MASM for now and stick with NASM as it seems easier to use. >There's no such thing as low level AND platform independent. >If you get low enough (which is implied by using ASM to begin >with), then by definition...

Can't find an edit option... Can you tell me what's required for low level, platform independant I/O apart from include files? I know it has something to do with hardware interrupts. I don't expect an elaborate explanation, a book or article online will do :)

I know its old, but it should still work shouldn't it? It works in NASM.

I'm using MASM 6.15 for assembling using the switches /c (dont link) and /coff (coff object file format). With link i use the switches /entry:start /subsystem:console. There are no assemble or link errors. When I run the final exe a console opens and windows gives the error "new.exe has...